Hay una confusión específica que está en el centro de todo esto y que vale la pena nombrar con precisión: la confusión entre ver el mecanismo y estar fuera del mecanismo. Son dos cosas completamente distintas.
Puedes entender perfectamente cómo funciona una trampa y seguir dentro. Puedes describir con exactitud los resortes de un sistema y ser parte de su funcionamiento. Ver no es salir, nombrar no es transformar,pero la postura que South Park instaló durante 25 años opera exactament...
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There's a specific confusion at the center of all this that's worth naming precisely: the confusion between seeing the mechanism and standing outside the mechanism. These are two completely different things.
You can understand perfectly how a trap works and still be inside it. You can describe exactly how a system's springs move and still be part of its operation. Seeing isn't getting out; naming isn't transforming, but the posture South Park installed over 25 years operates exactly on that confusion: it produces the feeling that lucidity is a real form of freedom, that understanding something is equivalent to standing outside of it.
The perfect viewer South Park manufactured isn't passive or ignorant. He's cognitively very active, well informed, capable of sophisticated analysis, who experiences that sophistication as a form of freedom and who, for that very reason, feels no pressure toward anything further, because he's already done what needed doing: he already saw, already understood, already laughed at the right things.
What he doesn't notice, what the installed posture prevents him from noticing, is that this whole movement happened entirely within the space the system can tolerate without any problem, that in this case lucidity isn't the first step of something — it's the first step and also the last.
A thread asking dungeon-masters how “fantasy racism” – the antipathy of dwarves and orcs for example – affects the design and play of campaigns received a range of answers. One poster said “I have a pretty accepting world. I’m a bit more flexible with alignments than the books suggest … there aren’t really any major conflicts on a purely racial basis.”109 Players can change the alignment of individual characters or entire races so that some of the in-world justifications for...
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Jeffrey Jerome Cohen argues that: “any kind of alterity can be inscribed across (constructed through) the monstrous body, but for the most part monstrous difference tends to be cultural, political, racial, economic, sexual.”3 Fear of racial difference has been embodied through monsters for centuries, and the idea of “monstrous races” stretches back to the Classical Era. Medieval thought “created strong links between physical and non-physical characteristics among different human gro...
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Inconsistencies in any fictional world can be jarring to audiences and detract from the narrative; “lacking consistency, a world may begin to appear sloppily constructed, or even random and disconnected.”58 Since Secondary Worlds are increasingly likely to be inconsistent as they grow in size and scope, analogies to the real world are particularly useful to Fantasy authors because they provide a template in which not every detail needs to be either imagined or explained to the audience. G...
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When the player selects one of the four “Culture” options, an explanatory text box pops up to provide information about it. That information links directly to race, for example: “the Khitani are slender with sharp features and parchment-yellow skin,” and “Cimmerians are a northern race of barbarians, fair skinned and dark haired.” Somatic markers are specified in the text and reinforced by the image of the character displayed in the centre of the screen. The text boxes also detail...
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The impact of Dungeons and Dragons (D&D) and its many transmedia products, while fairly infrequently discussed by historians of fiction in Fantasy, ought not to go unremarked. Even if the trickle-down influence of the game is not considered, its most popular realms were shared worlds in which large numbers of novels, written by multiple authors, were set. Hundreds of novels have been written for each of the Forgotten Realms and Dragonlance settings, for example.15 In the early editions of...
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Conan is a White American hero: self-sufficient and independent, strong, honest, and moral, abiding by his own code of honour. His “dual identity of being a savage, but being white,”72 makes him naturally suited to lead the softer, more decadent and corrupted peoples of the south; he becomes, among other things, king of the southern, medievalist realm of Aquilonia. Pulp adventure stories, a genre in which Howard wrote and of which his Conan stories can be considered a fantasy sub-set, wer...
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Tolkien’s explanations of the differences between Good and Evil humanity – that the former descended from those who had greatest contactand affinity with the Elves in ancient times – does not obviously relate to pseudo-scientific explanations of racial difference; it smacks more of religious constructs of a “chosen people.” Turning from Tolkien’s delineation of human groups to his other species, however, reveals the influence of theories of polygenesis, according to which differen...
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The influence of philological Anglo-Saxonism on Tolkien is clearly visible in his depiction of the Riders of Rohan who “resemble the ancient English down to minute detail.”42 Tolkien had access to the culture of the Anglo-Saxons through his professional work, and drew on their literature extensively. Yet that access was not direct, a jump from the twentieth century to the first millennium, rather, his medievalism was coloured by that of earlier philologists who conceived of them in racial...
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Modern concepts of race were formulated as a “widely shared theory of biologically determined, physical, intellectual and moral differences between human groups.”35 Hannah Augstein identifies three key elements in nineteenth century race-thinking: that humanity can be divided into races “whose characteristics are fixed and defy the modifying influences of external circumstances;” that these racial groupings have different “intellectual and moral capacities;” and “that mental end...
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